Misinformation

Screens in the centre of the exhibition space display a video work featuring librarians and other experts reflecting on the topic of misinformation. These pieces are complimented by a data visualisation drawn from a large list of contemporary resources.

Reg Abos is a Melbourne-based designer, researcher and educator. She lectures in data visualisation at RMIT University and is completing her PhD at Swinburne University of Technology. Her work largely focuses on the area of socially responsible design through the lens of data visualisation.

Browse the reference list used in the data visualisation below.

Resources have been linked to State Library Victoria catalogue records where available. Many are open access, some require Library Membership to access from home (Victorian residents only, material from subscription databases can be accessed by visitors onsite in the Library) and some are not available full text through the Library or other free repositories.

Journal articles

• Au, C. H., Ho, K. K. W., & Chiu, D. K. W. (2021). The Role of Online Misinformation and Fake News in Ideological Polarization: Barriers, Catalysts, and Implications. Information Systems Frontiers, 24(4), 1331-1354. (DOI)
• Broda, E., & Strömbäck, J. (2024). Misinformation, disinformation, and fake news: lessons from an interdisciplinary, systematic literature review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 48(2), 139-166. (click Get PDF to access full text) (DOI)
• Garimella, K. & Eckles, D. (2020). Images and misinformation in political groups: Evidence from WhatsApp in India. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 3(3). (also available on the Misinformation Review website)
• Muhammed T, S., & Mathew, S. K. (2022). The disaster of misinformation: a review of research in social media. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 13(4), 271-285. (click Get PDF to access full text) (DOI)
• Weber, D., Nasim, M., Falzon, L., Mitchell, L. (2020). #ArsonEmergency and Australia’s “Black Summer”: Polarisation and Misinformation on Social Media. In: van Duijn, M., Preuss, M., Spaiser, V., Takes, F., Verberne, S. (eds) Disinformation in Open Online Media. MISDOOM 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12259. Springer, Cham. (from a talk presented at the 2nd Multidisciplinary International Symposium on Disinformation in Open Online Media (MISDOOM 2020), Leiden, The Netherlands.)

Other resources

• Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2021). Intelligence community assessment on foreign threats to the 2020 U.S. federal elections
• Sanchez, G. & Middlemass, K. (2022, July 10). Misinformation is eroding the public's confidence in democracy. Brookings Institute website

Journal articles

• Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130-1132. (DOI)
• Ceylan, G., Anderson, I. A., & Wood, W. (2023). Sharing of misinformation is habitual, not just lazy or biased. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A, 120(4), e2216614120. (DOI)
• Del Vicario, M., Bessi, A., Zollo, F., Petroni, F., Scala, A., Caldarelli, G., Stanley, H. E., & Quattrociocchi, W. (2016). The spreading of misinformation online. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(3), 554-559 (DOI)
• Diaz Ruiz, C., & Nilsson, T. (2022). Disinformation and Echo Chambers: How Disinformation Circulates on Social Media Through Identity-Driven Controversies. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 42(1), 18-35. (DOI)
• Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N. M., Payne, B. K., & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(5), 993-1002 (click Get PDF to access full text) (DOI)
• Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing. Psychological science in the public interest, 13(3), 106-131. (DOI)
• Mukherjee, P., Dutta, S., & De Bruyn, A. (2022). Did clickbait crack the code on virality? Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(3), 482-502. (DOI)
• Sacasas, L. M. (2020). The Analog City and the Digital City. The New Atlantis, 61, 3–18. (DOI)
• Wagner, M. C., & Boczkowski, P. J. (2019). The Reception of Fake News: The Interpretations and Practices That Shape the Consumption of Perceived Misinformation. Digital Journalism, 7(7), 870-885 (Full text not available through the Library) (DOI)
• West, J. D., & Bergstrom, C. T. (2021). Misinformation in and about science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(15). 1-8 - small article correction also available (DOI)

Journal articles

• Batchelor, O. (2017). Getting out the truth: the role of libraries in the fight against fake news. Reference Services Review, 45(2), 143-148 (DOI)
• Ernst Strüngmann Forum, edited by Gigerenzer, G., & Gray, J. A. M. (2011). Better Doctors, Better Patients, Better Decisions. (conference proceedings) (DOI)
• Scheufele, D. A., & Krause, N. M. (2019). Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 116(16), 7662–7669. (DOI)
• Stimpson, J. P., & Ortega, A. N. (2023). Social media users' perceptions about health mis- and disinformation on social media. Health Affairs Scholar, 1(4). 1 - 6 (DOI)
• Weber, D., Nasim, M., Falzon, L., Mitchell, L. (2020). #ArsonEmergency and Australia’s “Black Summer”: Polarisation and Misinformation on Social Media. In: van Duijn, M., Preuss, M., Spaiser, V., Takes, F., Verberne, S. (eds) Disinformation in Open Online Media. MISDOOM 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12259. Springer, Cham. (from a talk presented at the 2nd Multidisciplinary International Symposium on Disinformation in Open Online Media (MISDOOM 2020), Leiden, The Netherlands.) (DOI)

Other resources

• Bogle, A. (2024, April 15). False claims started spreading about the Bondi Junction stabbing attack as soon as it happened. The Guardian.
• Graham-Mclay, C. (2025, February 21). Wellness blogger Belle Gibson lied about having cancer. Years later, Australia is still chasing her. AP News.
• Hulac, B., & ClimateWire. (2016, July 20). Tobacco and oil industries used same researchers to sway public. Scientific American.

Journal articles

• Adams, Z., Osman, M., Bechlivanidis, C., & Meder, B. (2023). (Why) Is Misinformation a Problem? Perspectives on Psychological Sciences, 18(6), 1436-1463 (DOI)
• Harris, E. A., DeMora, S. L., & Albarracín, D. (2024). The consequences of misinformation concern on media consumption. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review.  (click Get PDF to access full text) (DOI)
• Nahleen, S., Strange, D., & Takarangi, M. K. T. (2021). Does emotional or repeated misinformation increase memory distortion for a trauma analogue event? Psychological Research, 85(6), 2453-2465. (DOI)

Other resources

• Allam, L., Butler, J., Evershed, N., & Ball, A. (2023, August 30). The no pamphlet: campaign’s voice to parliament referendum essay – annotated and factchecked. The Guardian.
• Atkinson, K. (2023, August 9). Voice pamphlet’s convention claim misleads. Australian Associated Press Fact Check.
• City of London Police. (2023, October 2). Romance fraudsters break hearts and bank balances with £92.8m lost in the UK last year.
• The Royal Society, & Kelly, F. (2022). The online information environment: Understanding how the internet shapes people’s engagement with scientific information. In The Online Information Environment. The Royal Society.

Journal articles

• Adams, Z., Osman, M., Bechlivanidis, C., & Meder, B. (2023). (Why) Is Misinformation a Problem? Perspectives on Psychological Sciences, 18(6), 1436-1463 (DOI)
• Altay, S., Berriche, M., & Acerbi, A. (2023). Misinformation on Misinformation: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges. Social Media + Society, 9(1). 1 - 13 (DOI)
• Budak, C., Nyhan, B., Rothschild, D. M., Thorson, E., & Watts, D. J. (2024). Misunderstanding the harms of online misinformation. Nature, 630(8015), 45-53. (DOI)
• Goldstein, J. A., Sastry, G., Musser, M., DiResta, R., Gentzel, M., & Sedova, K. (2023). Generative language models and automated influence operations: Emerging threats and potential mitigations. Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology; OpenAI; Stanford Internet Observatory. (DOI)
• Mukherjee, P., Dutta, S., & De Bruyn, A. (2022). Did clickbait crack the code on virality? Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(3), 482-502 (DOI)
• Munger, K., Luca, M., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. (2020). The (Null) Effects of Clickbait Headlines on Polarization, Trust, and Learning. Public Opinion Quarterly, 84(1), 49-73. (Available through Stanford University) (DOI)
• Tokita, C. K., Aslett, K., Godel, W. P., Sanderson, Z., Tucker, J. A., Nagler, J., Persily, N., & Bonneau, R. (2024). Measuring receptivity to misinformation at scale on a social media platform. PNAS Nexus, 3(10), (DOI)

Journal articles

• Altay, S., Berriche, M., Heuer, H., Farkas, J., & Rathje, S. (2023). A survey of expert views on misinformation: Definitions, determinants, solutions, and future of the field. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. (DOI)
• Batchelor, O. (2017). Getting out the truth: the role of libraries in the fight against fake news. Reference Services Review, 45(2), 143-148. (DOI)
• Kozyreva, A., Lorenz-Spreen, P., Herzog, S. M., Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., Hertwig, R., Ali, A., Bak-Coleman, J., Barzilai, S., Basol, M., Berinsky, A. J., Betsch, C., Cook, J., Fazio, L. K., Geers, M., Guess, A. M., Huang, H., Larreguy, H., Maertens, R.,…Wineburg, S. (2024). Toolbox of individual-level interventions against online misinformation. Nature Human Behavior, 8(6), 1044-1052. (DOI)
• Li, J. (2023). Not all skepticism is “healthy” skepticism: Theorizing accuracy- and identity-motivated skepticism toward social media misinformation. New Media & Society, 27(1), 522-544. (Full text not available through the Library) (DOI)
• Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(3), 106-131. (DOI)
• Wineburg, S., & McGrew, S. (2017). Lateral reading: Reading less and learning more when evaluating digital information (Working Paper No. 2017.A1). Stanford History Education Group. (also available through Stanford University) (DOI)
• Zareie, A., & Sakellariou, R. (2021). Minimizing the spread of misinformation in online social networks: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 186. (DOI)

Other resources

• Van der Linden, S. (2023). Foolproof: Why misinformation infects our minds and how to build immunity. WW Norton & Company (Hardcopy book available to view at State Library Victoria)